Amyobalar (aminokislotalar) are the main monomers of proteins; have a general formula NH2-CHR-COOH; classified based on R group properties like polarity, charge, and structure: neutral, acidic, basic, aromatic, sulfur-containing. There are 20 standard amino acids. Amyobalar exist as zwitterions, with an isoelectric point of pI. They form chains via peptide bonds; functions include structural, enzymatic, transport, and signaling